Schwann cell autotransplantation for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury

Peripheral nerve injury occurs in a relatively large proportion of trauma patients, in whom it generally results in severe functional impairment and permanent disability. At present, however, there are no effective treatments available. Studies have shown that Schwann cells play an indispensable role in removing myelin debris and guiding axonal regeneration, and transplantation using autologous Schwann cells has shown good efficacy for patients with peripheral nerve injury. In recent years, Schwann cell autologous transplantation therapy has become an area of intensive research and is anticipated to provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injury. In this article, we review the rationale for selecting Schwann cell autotransplantation therapy and the latest progress in key aspects of cell transplantation and clinical efficacy, and also summarize the future directions of research on this therapy. All of the above provide a strong basis for the further improvement and clinical promotion of this therapy.