The impact of antioxidant supplements on oocytes and preimplantation embryos of humans and mammals, and their potential application for mitigating the consequences of oxidative stress in vitro: a review

Nowadays, assisted reproductive technologies are becoming increasingly in demand in people's lives and activities. One of the most important stages of assisted reproductive technology is the cultivation of oocytes and embryos in vitro . The oxidative stress that arises during such cultivation is a great challenge associated with assisted reproductive technology-related activities. It manifests as an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species, resulting in damage to biomolecules, membranes, and other cell components, which significantly reduces the quality and quantity of oocytes and embryos. One possible solution may be the use of antioxidant supplements of various origins. In this review, we summarize and systematize data related to oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants during the cultivation of human, murine, and farm animal-derived oocytes and embryos. In conclusion, we highlight the need for further research to develop a personalized approach in the field of medical and veterinary-assisted reproductive technologies. One result of this approach may be an increase in the probability of obtaining a healthy fetus with the minimum number of in vitro fertilization attempts.