Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management System for Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles with Hybrid Energy Storage System

Electric vehicles (EVs), which are environmentally friendly, have been used to minimize the global warming caused by fossil fuels used in vehicles and increasing fuel prices due to the decrease in fossil resources. Considering that the energy used in EVs is obtained from fossil resources, it is also important to store and use energy efficiently in EVs. In this context, recovery from a regenerative braking system plays an important role in EV energy efficiency. This paper presents a fuzzy logic-based hybrid storage technique consisting of a supercapacitor (SC) and battery for efficient and safe storage of a regenerative braking system. First, the constraints of the battery to be used in the EV for fuzzy logic control are identified. Then, the fuzzy logic system is created and tested in the ADVISOR and Siemens Simcenter Flomaster programs in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) driving cycle. A SC was selected for primary storage to prevent the battery from being continuously charged from regenerative braking, thus reducing its lifetime. In cases where the vehicle consumes more energy than the average energy consumption, energy consumption from the battery is reduced by using the energy stored in the SC, and the SC energy is discharged, making preparations for the energy that will come from the next regenerative braking. Thus, the high current values transferred to the battery during regenerative braking are effectively limited by the SC. In this study, the current values on the battery in the EV with a hybrid storage system decreased by 29.1% in the ADVISOR program and 28.7% in the Simcenter Flomaster program. In addition, the battery generated 46.84% less heat in the hybrid storage system. Thus, the heating and capacity losses caused by this current on the battery were minimized. The presented method provides more efficient energy management for EVs and plays an important role in maintaining battery health.