Overcoming the reactivity-stability challenge in water treatment catalyst through spatial confinement

OH. Catalyst deactivation is significantly mitigated by spatially confining fluoride ions leached from the catalyst, which is identified as the primary cause of catalytic activity loss. The angstrom-scale membrane channels effectively reject the majority of natural organic matter via size exclusion, thereby preserving radical availability and sustaining pollutant degradation under practical conditions. This innovative strategy for enhancing catalyst stability can be potentially applied to other existing catalysts developed for water treatment applications.