Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone exerts neuroprotection via activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway in Parkinson’s disease models

TBN has demonstrated consistent effectiveness in MPP⁺-induced midbrain neurons and MPTP-induced mice. Notably, the therapeutic effect of TBN in mitigating motor deficits and neurodegeneration is superior to selegiline. The neuroprotective mechanisms of TBN are associated with activation of the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway, thereby reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that TBN may be a promising therapeutic candidate for PD, warranting further development and investigation.