Low-light response performance analysis of crystalline silicon solar cells and modules

With the growing global demand for renewable energy, solar energy has garnered significant attention as a clean and sustainable power source. Crystalline silicon solar cells dominate the photovoltaic (PV) market owing to their high efficiency and mature manufacturing technology. However, the operational performance of PV systems under low-light conditions remains a critical challenge. This study aims to systematically analyze the low-light response characteristics of crystalline silicon solar cells and modules while investigating the key factors influencing their performance. Through theoretical modeling and simulation, we first establish the framework for evaluating low-light performance factors. Subsequently, both experimental measurements and computational simulations are conducted on cells and modules with varying series resistance configurations. The results demonstrate good agreement between simulation predictions and empirical data trends observed in tunnel oxide passivated contact on n-type silicon substrate and passivated emitter rear cell on p-type silicon substrate cells/modules with different structure designs. Our findings reveal that series resistance serves as a crucial parameter determining low-light performance. Appropriately increasing the series resistance can slow down the rate of power decay under low irradiance conditions. This provides some theoretical guidance for cell design in areas with low-light conditions throughout the year and in regions with frequent rain and cloudy weather.