Dual oxygen and sulfur vacancies modulation of SnO2/SnS2/C anodes for high performance Li/Na-ion batteries

The rational design of the structure of tin-based electrode materials is crucial to alleviate their volume expansion and capacity decay during energy storage. Herein, SnO 2 /SnS 2 /C nanoflower spheres were successfully designed and prepared by a hydrothermal method combined with vulcanization treatment. Glucose induced the formation of nanoflower structure from Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 precursor, and subsequent sulfidation treatment introduced heterostructures while successfully constructing oxygen and sulfur double vacancies. This innovative strategy of integrating heterogeneous interfaces and oxygen/sulfur double vacancies effectively enhances the energy storage performance of electrode materials. The as obtained SnO 2 /SnS 2 /C delivered a high reversible capacity of 302.1 mA h g −1 after 3200 cycles at 5.0 A g −1 for lithium-ion batteries. Besides, the electrode also delivered enhanced sodium storage properties with a high reversible capacity of 171.9 mA h g −1 at 2.0 A g −1 after 4320 cycles. This work provides guidance for the design and preparation of high-performance tin-based electrode materials and accelerates the research progress on the enhancement of energy storage performance of tin-based electrode materials.