A Wearable Electrochemical Biosensor for Salivary Detection of Periodontal Inflammation Biomarkers: Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor with Deep Learning Integration

Abstract The work presented here introduces a developed electrochemical biosensor for the salivary detection of matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), utilizing a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) matrix based on poly(o‐phenylenediamine). To enhance detection sensitivity and modulate impedance responses, graphene oxide (GO) is incorporated as an interlayer, providing a conductive and chemically stable matrix for precise electrochemical sensing. Density functional theory simulations confirm the formation of highly selective binding sites, further reinforcing the sensor's specificity for MMP‐8 detection. The impedance‐based mechanism allows real‐time, label‐free detection of salivary MMP‐8 by tracking charge transfer resistance changes via the K[Fe(CN)₆] 3 ⁻/⁴⁻ redox probe, offering a non‐invasive and highly sensitive alternative to conventional methods. Clinical validation using patient samples demonstrates excellent sensor performance, achieving high specificity and reproducibility. Additionally, a deep learning‐assisted data analysis framework is integrated to enhance diagnostic accuracy by filtering out noise, identifying disease progression trends. Furthermore, a wearable mouthguard platform integrating the MIP‐based electrode, enabling continuous monitoring of oral inflammation and facilitating early therapeutic intervention is developed. This approach, which combines MIP technology, electrochemical biosensing, wearable healthcare, and AI‐driven diagnostics, has the potential to establish a next‐generation precision oral health monitoring platform, advancing periodontal disease detection and personalized clinical management.