Satellite-like shielding for dual single-atom catalysis, boosting ampere-level alkaline seawater splitting

Electrolysis of seawater for large-scale hydrogen production at industrial current densities signifies a groundbreaking technological leap. However, extant seawater electrolysis encounters challenges rooted in chlorine chemistry and metal deposition. Drawing inspiration from the Moon's protective role for the Earth, we unveil a pioneering satellite-like shielding strategy for dual single-atom catalysis, showcasing an extraordinary performance of 1.66 V at 2,000 mA cmgeo−2 in 6 M KOH and seawater at 80°C, coupled with durability exceeding 252 h. Theoretical and experimental evidence confirms that satellite Mn boosts Lewis acid sites of the catalyst, which can strongly bind OH− and prevent the rising pH of the seawater and Cl− attack. Synergies between single-atom Mn and Ru further optimize water dissociation barriers and intermediate adsorption energies. This study presents new satellite-like shielding insight for designing highly durable, efficient dual single-atom catalysts with harmful ion resistance, tailored for industrial-grade current densities in alkaline seawater electrolysis.