Coumarins: Chemical Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Coumarins are compounds characterized by a benzopyrone structure resulting from the condensation of pyrone and a benzene ring. They are commonly found as secondary metabolites in various plants, microorganisms, and sponges. These metabolites play a crucial role in defence mechanisms, and extensive research has revealed numerous biological activities associated with these compounds. Coumarin and its derivatives show significant potential as candidates for new drugs due to their exceptional biocompatibility and a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antimitotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. Beyond medicinal applications, the simple and versatile scaffold structures of coumarins have found use in fields such as food production, agriculture, cosmetics, and textiles. This review covers the classification of coumarin and its derivatives, as well as various chemical synthesis methods. Furthermore, it delves into the properties, biological activities, and diverse application areas of coumarins.