Multisite Active Material for High-Performance Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes and Active-Matrix Displays

Efforts to improve the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have predominantly centered on two key strategies: defect passivation and phase modulation, both of which aim to mitigate nonradiative recombination. While recent advances have explored the synergistic mechanisms in multiadditive systems, the inherent multifunctionality of single-additive systems remains underexplored. Here, we investigate a biopharmaceutical agent, ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), with multifunctional groups as a multifunctional perovskite crystallization regulator. The presence of abundant electron-rich moieties (e.g., -OH and -NH2) facilitates efficient passivation of perovskite grain boundaries via multiple coordination bonds (e.g., O:Pb and N:Pb). These functional groups also exhibit a strong propensity to form hydrogen bonds with halogen ions, thereby effectively suppressing the formation of halogen vacancies and inhibiting ion migration. Furthermore, AMB impedes the adsorption of the spacer molecule phenylethylamine (PEA) on the octahedron surface and competes with PEA for coordination sites, thereby promoting the formation of well-aligned layered phases and enhancing exciton transfer efficiency. Consequently, we obtained spectrally stable sky-blue PeLEDs with a high external quantum efficiency of 22.42%. High-quality active-matrix array displays are further demonstrated, achieving precise independent control of each pixel. These displays exhibit superior brightness and color consistency, making them highly promising for advanced optoelectronic applications.