Mechanical and thermal properties of graphene reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites for battery casing in electric vehicles

Abstract This study explores the development of graphene-reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites as a sustainable material for electric vehicle (EV) battery casings. By incorporating graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial known for its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, the PLA matrix exhibits significant improvements in performance. The optimized graphene content enhances the composite’s tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and ductility, ensuring robust mechanical protection for battery components. Additionally, graphene significantly increases the thermal conductivity of the composite, promoting effective heat dissipation and mitigating thermal degradation risks during battery operation. The research demonstrates the ability of graphene to act as a gas barrier, preventing the diffusion of oxygen and volatile by-products, which contributes to improved thermal stability and prolonged material durability. By tailoring the graphene loading and ensuring uniform dispersion, the composite achieves a balance between mechanical strength and thermal performance, making it ideal for lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly applications. This study underscores the potential of graphene-PLA composites in advancing sustainable technologies, particularly in the EV sector. It provides a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing fabrication methods, exploring synergistic filler combinations, and validating real-world performance to support the broader adoption of environmentally friendly materials in high-performance applications.