Detuned Series–Series Compensated IPT System With High Misalignment Tolerance Based on Improved Quadruple‐D Quadrature Pads

ABSTRACT To enhance misalignment tolerance and reduce compensated components, this paper proposes a detuned series–series (SS) topology with an improved quadruple‐D quadrature (QDQP) pad. The circuit model at resonant and detuned states is built, and the output performance is thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, an improved QDQP pad is designed to strengthen the magnetic field intensity at the horizontal and vertical misalignments. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to achieve wide misalignment tolerance. A prototype with an improved QDQP pad was built to validate the theoretical analysis, and the QDQP pad dimensions are 280 × 280 × 80 mm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IPT system can maintain stable power output within ±140 mm (50%) lateral misalignment and ±10 mm (25%) vertical misalignment, with power fluctuations less than 5%. The maximum output efficiency can reach 91.5%.