Antibacterial and DNA‐Based Hydrogels In Situ Block TNF‐α to Promote Diabetic Alveolar Bone Rebuilding

Abstract Alveolar bone injury under diabetic conditions can severely impede many oral disease treatments. Rebuilding diabetic alveolar bone in clinics is currently challenging due to persistent infection and inflammatory response. Here, an antibacterial DNA‐based hydrogel named Agantigel is developed by integrating silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐ α ) antibody into DNA hydrogel to promote diabetic alveolar bone regeneration. Agantigel can effectively inhibit bacterial growth through AgNCs while exhibiting negligible cytotoxicity in vitro. The sustained release of TNF‐ α antibody from Agantigel effectively blocks TNF‐ α and promotes M2 polarization of macrophages, ultimately accelerating diabetic alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. After 21 days of treatment, Agantigel significantly accelerates the defect healing rate of diabetic alveolar bone up to 82.58 ± 8.58% and improves trabecular architectures compared to free TNF‐ α (42.52 ± 15.85%). The results imply that DNA hydrogels are potential bio‐scaffolds helping the sustained release of multidrug for treating DABI or other oral diseases.