Imaging Structural and Electrical Changes of Aging Cells Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy

Abstract The local charge density and distribution of extracellular membranes play a crucial role in the various cellular processes, such as regulation and localization of membrane proteins, electrophysiological signal transduction, transcriptional control, cell growth, and cell death. In this study, a novel scanning ion conductance microscopy‐based method is employed to extracellular membrane mapping. This method allows to not only visualize the dynamic topography and surface charge distribution around individual cells, but also distinguish the charge difference. To validate the accuracy and effectiveness of this method, the charge density on model sample surfaces are initially manipulated and the charge sensing mechanism using finite element modeling (FEM) is explored subsequently. By applying this method, both the extracellular charge distributions and topography structures of normal and senescent human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are able to monitor. Interestingly, it is observed that the surface charge became significantly more negative after cellular senescence. This innovative approach enables us to gain valuable insights into surface charge changes during cellular senescence, which can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for age‐related diseases.