Lipid characteristics of Carassius auratus oil from seven origins in China and their potential used as human milk fat substitutes

Most infant formula oils differ significantly from human milk fat (HMF) in structure and composition, which is detrimental to the development of infants. In this study, the lipid compositions of Carassius auratus oils (CAOs) from seven provinces of China were systematically analyzed, and the potential of CAO for use in human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) was evaluated. First, the main fatty acids in most CAOs were confirmed to be palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. It is interesting to find that 57.08–69.27% of palmitic acid tended to be located at the sn-2 position, which showed a consistency with HMF. Afterwards, content of C52 triacylglycerol in CAOs from three regions exceeded 45%. Finally, a HMFS containing CAO from Jiangsu province was prepared by physical blending and it was verified to have a high similarity with HMF after similarity evaluation, which can provide a reference for the application of CAO in infant formulas.