A Review on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Remediation: Separation Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of manmade chemicals, which are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulative, and toxic to humans. Various treatment technologies have been used to remove PFAS from water, among them adsorption and membrane filtration technologies have shown greater effectiveness in PFAS removal. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to provide a review on current literature investigating the PFAS removal by adsorption and membrane filtration technologies. The specific focus of this review is to explore the separation mechanisms involved in PFAS removal and the existing challenges of current adsorbents/membranes. This review highlights the research needs for developing more efficient technologies for PFAS removal.