掺杂剂
材料科学
电催化剂
氧还原
催化作用
纳米技术
氧还原反应
化学吸附
兴奋剂
金属
碳纤维
电化学
电极
化学
光电子学
有机化学
冶金
物理化学
复合材料
复合数
作者
Cheng Tang,Qiang Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.201604103
摘要
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the cornerstone of various sustainable energy-conversion technologies. Metal-free nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and satisfactory cost, have been proposed as the most promising substitute for precious-metal catalysts. However, their further development is still primarily based on trial-and-error approaches due to the controversial knowledge of critical active sites and mechanisms. Herein, the activity origins of nanocarbon-based ORR electro-catalysts are comprehensively reviewed and correlated, considering the dopants, edges, and defects. Analogously, they can effectively modify the charge/spin distribution on the sp2 -conjugated carbon matrix, leading to optimized intermediate chemisorption and facilitated electron transfer. Specific doping at defective edges is expected to render practical applications for metal-free nanocarbon electrocatalysts.
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