The Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of the Preemptive Indwelling of Double-J Stents in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PI-DJS during PCNL allowed for a reliable and stable reflux from the bladder into the renal pelvis to produce an artificial hydronephrosis without the formation of microbubbles, unlike conventional ureteral catheters.