Wnt11 preserves mitochondrial membrane potential and protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia through paracrine signaling

We investigated the effect of Wnt11 on mitochondrial membrane integrity in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and the underlying mechanism of Wnt11-mediated CM protection against hypoxic injury. A rat mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line that overexpresses Wnt11 (MSCWnt11 ) and a control cell line transduced with empty vector (MSCNull ) were established to determine the cardioprotective role of Wnt11 in response to hypoxia. Mitochondrial membrane integrity in MSCWnt11 cells was assessed using fluorescence assays. The role of paracrine signaling mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in protecting CMs against hypoxia were investigated using cocultures of primary CMs from neonatal rats with conditioned medium (CdM) from MSCWnt11 . MSCWnt11 cells exposed to hypoxia reduced lactate dehydrogenase release from CMs and increased CM survival under hypoxia. In addition, CMs cocultured with CdM that were exposed to hypoxia showed reduced CM apoptosis and necrosis. There was significantly higher VEGF and IGF-1 release in the MSCWnt11 group compared with the MSCNull group, and the addition of anti-VEGF and anti-IGF-1 antibodies inhibited secretion. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane integrity was maintained in the MSCWnt11 cell line. In conclusion, overexpression of Wnt11 in MSCs promotes IGF-1 and VEGF release, thereby protecting CMs against hypoxia.