Comparison of Glycated Ovalbumin–Monosaccharides in the Attenuation of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Response in a BALB/C Mouse Model

The aim of the present study was to compare various glycated ovalbumin (OVA)–monosaccharides, including OVA–mannose (Man), −glucose, −ribose, and −fructose, in the attenuation of OVA-induced allergic response in a BALB/C mouse model and the potential mechanisms of immunological modulation. The glycated OVA forms were prepared by Maillard reactions. OVA-Man significantly reduced the frequency of allergic signs. Mouse mast cell protease enzyme concentration was significantly reduced in the OVA-Man group (549.80 ± 84.67 ng/mL, p < 0.05). The OVA-Man group also had a lower histamine concentration (30.96 ± 1.12 ng/mL) as compared with the positive control OVA group (44.43 ± 0.71 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Both specific IgG and IgE were significantly reduced in the OVA-Man-treated group ( p < 0.05). The OVA-Man group exhibited decreased concentrations of IL-4 (67.98 ± 3.11 pg/mL) and IL-17 (67.98 ± 3.11 pg/mL) and an increased concentration of IL-12 (336.70 ± 18.69 pg/mL, p < 0.05) compared with the positive control. Mannosylation played a vital role in allergen recognition, implicating deleterious downstream Th2 cell activation, cytokine secretion, and IgE production. This result indicates that different glycans target specific DC receptors, and differential DC processing, antigen presentation, and T cell response leads to altered variation in allergic response. OVA-Man exhibited minimal DC internalization, DC processing, MHC antigen presentation, and antigen-specific T cell activation, resulting in an attenuated allergic response and validating its efficacy as a potential immunotherapeutic candidate to treat egg allergy.