Local Atopy in Childhood Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy

Background Although the cause of adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains unknown, some studies have shown that allergy may be a risk factor. Purpose This study determined the levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the adenotonsillar tissues of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and evaluated the clinical significance of local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues. Methods We measured 21 types of specific immunoglobulin E in the serum and adenotonsillar tissues of 102 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and compared the sensitization patterns of the serum and local tissues. The patients were divided into three groups—atopy, local atopy, and nonatopy—according to the sensitization of serum and adenotonsillar tissues, and the clinical symptoms among the groups were analyzed. Results Seventy-two (70.6%) children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy were sensitized to more than one allergen in the serum and/or adenotonsillar tissue. Thirty (29.4%) children had no IgE positivity to any allergen in both serum and adenotonsillar tissues. Fifty-five (53.9%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the serum. Seventy (68.6%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the adenotonsillar tissue. Seventeen (36.2%) of 47 children with specific immunoglobulin E-negative serum had specific immunoglobulin E-positive adenotonsillar tissues. The rate of specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in local tissues than in serum. The rate of inhalant allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the adenoids than in the tonsils. However, the rate of food allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the tonsils than adenoids. The lifetime prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis, recent symptoms or treatment of allergic rhinitis, and severity of nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching) were significantly higher in children with local atopy than with nonatopy. Conclusions These results confirm that allergic response may be a risk factor for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Local allergic inflammation may play an important role in childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues can cause respiratory allergic symptoms in children.