纳米材料基催化剂
尖晶石
材料科学
过渡金属
氧化物
化学工程
纳米技术
纳米笼
催化作用
化学
纳米颗粒
冶金
工程类
生物化学
作者
Augustus K. Lebechi,Adewale K. Ipadeola,Kamel Eid,Aboubakr M. Abdullah,Kenneth I. Ozoemena
出处
期刊:Nanoscale
[The Royal Society of Chemistry]
日期:2022-01-01
卷期号:14 (30): 10717-10737
被引量:30
摘要
Porous spinel-type transition metal oxide (PS-TMO) nanocatalysts comprising two kinds of metal (denoted as AxB3-xO4, where A, B = Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, V, Sm, Li, and Zn) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in energy conversion and storage systems (ECSS). This is due to the unique catalytic merits of PS-TMOs (such as p-type conductivity, optical transparency, semiconductivity, multiple valence states of their oxides, and rich active sites) and porous morphologies with great surface area, low density, abundant transportation paths for intermediate species, maximized atom utilization and quick charge mobility. In addition, PS-TMOs nanocatalysts are easily prepared in high yield from Earth-abundant and inexpensive metal precursors that meet sustainability requirements and practical applications. Owing to the continued developments in the rational synthesis of PS-TMOs nanocatalysts for ORRs, it is utterly imperative to provide timely updates and highlight new advances in this research area. This review emphasizes recent research advances in engineering the morphologies and compositions of PS-TMOs nanocatalysts in addition to their mechanisms, to decipher their structure-activity relationships. Also, the ORR mechanisms and fundamentals are discussed, along with the current barriers and future outlook for developing the next generation of PS-TMOs nanocatalysts for large-scale ECSS.
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