止血
促炎细胞因子
纤溶
炎症
血小板
补体系统
抗血栓
凝结
血小板活化
先天免疫系统
免疫学
HMGB1
纤维蛋白
医学
化学
内科学
免疫系统
作者
James H. Morrissey,Stephanie A. Smith
摘要
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a linear polymer of phosphates, is present in many infectious microorganisms and is secreted by mast cells and platelets. PolyP has recently been shown to accelerate blood clotting and slow fibrinolysis, in a manner that is highly dependent on polymer length. Very long‐chain polyP (of the type present in microorganisms) is an especially potent trigger of the contact pathway, enhances the proinflammatory activity of histones, and may participate in host responses to pathogens. PolyP also inhibits complement, providing another link between polyP and inflammation/innate immunity. Platelet‐size polyP (which is considerably shorter) accelerates factor V activation, opposes the anticoagulant action of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, modulates fibrin clot structure, and promotes factor XI activation. PolyP may have utility in treating bleeding. It is also a potential target for the development of antithrombotic drugs with a novel mechanism of action and potentially fewer bleeding side effects compared with conventional anticoagulants.
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