类有机物
细胞生物学
地穴
干细胞
肠内分泌细胞
生物
肠上皮
胆碱能的
LGR5型
肠粘膜
诱导多能干细胞
上皮
细胞
势垒函数
再生(生物学)
细胞分化
功能(生物学)
祖细胞
神经科学
内科学
内分泌学
内分泌系统
癌症干细胞
生物化学
医学
基因
遗传学
激素
作者
Toshio Takahashi,Kazuto Fujishima,Mineko Kengaku
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms222010912
摘要
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are crucial for the digestive process and nutrient absorption. The intestinal epithelium is composed of the different cell types of the small intestine (mainly, enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells, and tuft cells). The small intestine is characterized by the presence of crypt-villus units that are in a state of homeostatic cell turnover. Organoid technology enables an efficient expansion of intestinal epithelial tissue in vitro. Thus, organoids hold great promise for use in medical research and in the development of new treatments. At present, the cholinergic system involved in IECs and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are attracting a great deal of attention. Thus, understanding the biological processes triggered by epithelial cholinergic activation by acetylcholine (ACh), which is produced and released from neuronal and/or non-neuronal tissue, is of key importance. Cholinergic signaling via ACh receptors plays a pivotal role in IEC growth and differentiation. Here, we discuss current views on neuronal innervation and non-neuronal control of the small intestinal crypts and their impact on ISC proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance. Since technology using intestinal organoid culture systems is advancing, we also outline an organoid-based organ replacement approach for intestinal diseases.
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