Energy storage technology has become an important part of the sustainable development of new energy. Due to its high energy, high power, and high adaptability, the energy storage technology of supercapacitor has been paid more and more attention. According to the classification of energy storage mode, supercapacitors include electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor. In this chapter, we will introduce the principles and electrode materials of various types of supercapacitors and summarize the applications and prospects of supercapacitors in terms of science and technology.