ACR–ACNM–ARS–SNMMI–SPR Practice Parameter for Treatment of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Disease With I-131 Sodium Iodide

OBJECTIVES: This practice parameter was developed collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the American College of Nuclear Medicine (ACNM), the American Radium Society (ARS), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), and the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR). This practice parameter is intended to guide appropriately trained and licensed physicians in the oral administration of I-131 sodium iodide for the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. METHODS: This practice parameter was revised according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website ( https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Practice-Parameters-and-Technical-Standards ) by the Committee on Practice Parameters-Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of the ACR Commissions on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, the Committee on Practice Parameters-Radiation Oncology of the ACR Commission on Radiation Oncology, the Committee on Practice Parameters-Pediatric Radiology of the ACR Commission on Pediatric Radiology in collaboration with the ACNM, the ARS, the SNMMI, and the SPR. RESULTS: I-131 sodium iodide is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer. The therapeutic effect of I-131 sodium iodide is achieved by the emission of ionizing radiation in the form of high-energy beta particles. I-131 sodium iodide therapy requires close cooperation and communication between the clinicians who are responsible for the clinical management of the patient and the physicians who administer radiopharmaceutical therapy. This document provides guidance regarding optimal therapy procedures, appropriate precautions, and therapy in unique situations. CONCLUSIONS: This practice parameter is designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate radiologic care for treating benign and malignant thyroid disease with I-131 sodium iodide.