Assessment of sleep quality, fatigue and its association with occupational injuries among shift workers in an electronic industrial environment

Objectives. This study explores the association between sleep quality, cumulative fatigue and occupational injuries among shift workers in Pakistan's manufacturing industries. Methods. The study surveyed 200 shift workers using a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and fatigue with the standard shiftwork index (SSI). Statistical analyses included t tests, χ² tests and logistic regression. Results. Night shift employees had higher odds of occupational injuries (odds ratio [OR] 3.591, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.079, 11.944], p = 0.037) compared to day shift workers. Cumulative fatigue (OR 3.044, 95% CI [1.145, 8.089], p = 0.026) and PSQI global score (OR 1.249, 95% CI [1.002, 1.556], p = 0.048) also indicated an increased injury risk. Conclusion. Night shift workers experienced poorer sleep quality, higher fatigue and increased injuries than day shift workers. Employers should implement artificial intelligence to detect and manage fatigue, set strategic shift schedules for maximum sleep opportunities and train workers to improve sleep quality.