A comprehensive review of the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: Detection of free radical, electrode materials and application

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are particularly notable for their environmental friendliness, efficiency, and lack of secondary contamination. These approaches are primarily founded on the electrochemical production of powerful oxidants, exemplified by ·OH, ·O2-, 1O2 and SO4·−. The article commences with a thorough review of the process mechanisms of EAOPs, followed by a detailed summary of the common free radical detection methods utilized in EAOPs. Subsequently, we examine the prevalent non-active anode materials in EAOPs (BDD, SnO2, PbO2), as well as the particle electrodes in solution, encompassing their preparation methods and respective performances. In addition, the application of EAOPs in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants, desulfurization of coal and minerals, and sludge treatment was also summarized. Finally, certain limitations of EAOPs research are presented, along with some recommendations for future development.