Research Progress on the Oral–Gut Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

ABSTRACT The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in recent years, paralleling a growing recognition of gut dysbiosis as a pivotal etiological factor. Emerging evidence reveals intricate crosstalk between the oral and gut microbial ecosystems, with oral‐derived microbiota potentially translocating to the intestinal tract through hematogenous or enteral routes. This microbial crosstalk has crystallized into an “oral–gut axis” pattern, providing novel mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we summarize currently available studies on the oral–gut axis and the relationship between the oral–gut axis and IBD to evaluate the role of the axis in the pathogenesis of IBD development.