Targeted metabolomics reveals novel biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Aims The utilization of targeted metabolomics technology promises to facilitate the identification of novel metabolic markers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which may in turn facilitate a more comprehensive investigation of the underlying mechanisms of gestational diabetes GDM. Materials and Methods In this study, we used targeted metabolomics to identify serum metabolites from women with or without GDM. The differential metabolites were categorized and analysed using pathway analyses, correlated with maternal glucose level, and assessed as predictors of GDM by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results Notably, we detected 46 differential metabolites (24 upregulated and 22 downregulated) between GDM and normal pregnancy, which were catalogued into amino acids, peptides and analogues, and organic acids and derivatives, and others. Pathway analysis showed that amino acid metabolites were abnormally active. In addition, most of the metabolites were closely related to maternal glucose level. Of these, two metabolites were associated with fasting blood glucose, 22 correlated with 1‐h postprandial plasma glucose and 13 were related to 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose. Next, we identified metabolites that could better diagnose GDM with the area under the receiver operating characteristics above 0.75, including 2‐hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, O ‐acetylcarnitine, glutathione disulfide, P‐cresolsulfate, 2‐furoic acid, l ‐asparagine, d ‐biotin, choline and homovanillic acid. Conclusion We identified abnormal serum metabolites caused by GDM, which may contribute to our understanding of the pathomechanisms of GDM.