Processing methods towards scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells: A brief review.

Recent rapid growth in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has sparked research attention due to their photovoltaic efficacy, which exceeds 25% for small-area PSCs. The perovskite film’s optical and electrical properties, including as light absorption, carrier diffusion length, and charge transport, are directly controlled by its shape. Therefore, this review begins with the structure of perovskite solar cells and highlights the latest film production technologies and how film morphology affects performance. To commercialize PSCs and enhance scalability, several technologies have been devised to make high-quality perovskite films. Spin coating, chemical vapor deposition, blade-coating, spray coating, flexographic printing, screen printing, and inkjet printing have been shown to manage film formation and improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) by over 21%. Large-scale production is feasible with chemical vapour deposition and thermal vapour deposition despite their complex technological requirements and high reproducibility of processing and manufacturing. We concluded by reviewing perovskite solar cell fabrication methods and commercialization prospects. To commercialize perovskite solar cells, existing fabrication technologies need to be refined and more studies should be done.