Malignant upgrade rate and associated clinicopathologic predictors for concordant intraductal papilloma without atypia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Previously reported upgrade rates for benign breast intraductal papilloma (IDP) are widely variable. However, many previous studies have failed to consider radiologic‐pathologic discordance of lesions. This review aims to synthesize malignant upgrade data for benign, concordant IDP at surgical excision. Thirteen studies were included in our meta‐analysis. The pooled estimate for percentage underestimation of carcinoma was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8%−2.0%). We conclude that these lesions can be safely managed by active surveillance.