Abstract In recent decades, Mn x Cd 1−x S‐based photocatalysts have attracted much attention in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, reduction of CO 2 , and degradation of pollutants by virtue of their large visible‐light response range and high photogenerated electron mobility efficiency. This paper provides a systematic and comprehensive account of the synthesis, modification, and application of Mn x Cd 1−x S‐based solid solution photocatalysts. Specifically, several common preparation methods of Mn x Cd 1−x S, such as hydrothermal, solvent‐thermal, and high‐temperature vulcanization are outlined in terms of synthesis. It is also detailed that the photocatalytic performance of Mn x Cd 1−x S can be well improved by elemental doping, morphology modulation, construction of heterojunction, and addition of cocatalysts. Furthermore, the current challenges and development of Mn x Cd 1−x S‐based photocatalysts are proposed. It is of great significance for subsequent researchers to prepare efficient and stable Mn x Cd 1−x S‐based photocatalysts in future.