Research Progress of Photovoltaic Cooling Systems Based on Phase Change Materials: An Overview

Photovoltaic technology plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy. While photovoltaic panels directly convert solar energy into electricity, more than 50% of solar radiation is lost as waste heat, diminishing the overall efficiency of the panels. This study reviews various cooling technologies for photovoltaic systems, focusing on the use of phase change materials for cooling in photovoltaic systems. Phase change materials, known for their high latent heat capacity, are extensively used in thermal energy storage applications. Incorporating phase change materials in photovoltaic systems can increase thermal storage potential by 30–50% compared to conventional systems, leading to a 70% extension in heat storage duration and various levels of enhanced power output. The main purpose of the article is to review the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies, determine the research direction of phase change materials for cooling systems in photovoltaics, and ensure the reliability of this technology.