Advantages and Limitations of the Biofilm Study Methods

A community of microorganisms adhered to a solid surface and entrapped in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, in general is referred to as a ‘biofilm’. Biofilm formation is a phenomenon naturally exhibited by the majority of microorganisms, (except a few like Pelagibacter and some planktonic bacteria). The trait of biofilm formation by the microorganisms allows them to survive in harsh environments, important for their existence and sustenance. To form biofilms, microorganisms possess a supportive genetic makeup, which enables them to function and grow in a coordinated manner. Surprisingly at present, there is a lack of proper consensus regarding the utilization of technique and methodologies available in the precise analysis, growth and characterization of biofilms. The current review aims to bridge this gap by presenting a detailed review of the available study methods and tools the most promising in the detection, growth and characterization of biofilms. The selection of the most appropriate biofilm study and analysis method in a given situation is of utmost importance in order to understand the formation and prospective fruitful utilization of biofilms by humankind.