Co-occurrence of microplastics and organic/inorganic contaminants in organisms living in aquatic ecosystems: A review

Most studies on microplastics (MPs) and organisms, regardless of the MPs type and their presence in the environment and organisms, have been performed on a laboratory scale. In this review, reports of simultaneous analysis of the abundance of MPs and organic/inorganic contaminants in aquatic organisms in the natural environment have been collected and bibliometric analysis was performed. Biological and environmental factors affecting MPs absorption by organisms were discussed. The majority of microplastics were identified as fibrous and black with a small size (<500 μm). A positive correlation was reported between microplastic numbers and organic/inorganic contaminants in the tissue of some species. The most positive linear relationship between heavy metal and MPs was reported for Heniochus acuminatus from the Gulf of Mannar. To preserve biodiversity and the risks of transferring MPs and contaminants to aquatic organisms and humans, it is necessary to control microplastic contamination.