碳泄漏
温室气体
议会
排放交易
欧盟委员会
经济
竞赛(生物学)
佣金
不完全竞争
碳价格
国际经济学
业务
自然资源经济学
国际贸易
欧洲联盟
微观经济学
财务
政治
生态学
政治学
法学
生物
作者
Cecilia Bellora,Lionel Fontagné
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106673
摘要
To meet the targets of the EU’s Fit for 55 package, the European Commission proposed in July 2021 to implement a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to replace free allocation of Emission Trading System (ETS) allowances for the most trade-exposed emitting industries. CBAM aims to prevent carbon leakage and restore a level playing field in high-emitting industries. Its design, as voted by the European Council in March 2022, by the Parliament in June, and ultimately amended by a provisional agreement between the Council and the European Parliament in December 2022, raises several issues. This paper aims to quantify the economic and environmental impacts of different choices regarding this design. Simulations are based on a dynamic general equilibrium model representing imperfect competition, input–output relations, greenhouse gas emissions, the endogenous price of emission quotas and the presence of free allocation of allowances. We show that CBAM is effective in reducing carbon leakage. But its design increases the price of carbon in the European Emissions Trading Scheme. Competitiveness losses in export markets are expected for downstream sectors that are not covered by the CBAM, as well as for European exporters of high-emitting industries, even in the presence of rebates.
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