Optimization of Response Surface Methodology for Pulsed Laser Welding of 316L Stainless Steel to Polylactic Acid

A laser welding technology for the dissimilar materials 316L stainless steel (316L ss) and polylactic acid (PLA) was investigated to analyze the process parameters, which have a large influence on the joint quality. Orthogonal tests, single-factor tests, response surface method (RSM), and Box–Behnken design (BBD) were utilized to optimize the experimental design. A metallographic microscopy analysis was conducted to classify the joint morphology into two categories: effective and ineffective. The effective area ratio was established as an effective judgment method for the joint mechanical properties. Mathematical relations between the process parameters and the mechanical properties of the joints were investigated and the process parameters were optimized and validated. The test values were in excellent agreement with the actual values, thus demonstrating the reliability of the proposed model.