Pollen, Fe/Ca XRF-scanning, oxygen isotopes of Globigerinoides ruber for time interval 0-250 ka analysed on sediment core GeoB9311-1

Terrestrial input to marine site GeoB9311, retrieved offshore of the Zambezi River mouth, is reflected in the Fe/Ca ratios measured with XRF scanning. Terrestrial input is notably less during interglacials than during glacials due to redirecting of the river discharge northwards over the flooded shelf. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the gravity core GeoB9311-1 was determined using Globigerinoides ruber. The pollen record of GeoB9311 indicates glacial-interglacial changes in the vegetation of southern East Africa with enhanced forests in the coastal area during interglacials, more Afromontane forest and ericaceous bushland during glacials and an increase in mopane woodland during the transitional periods. C4 swamps, probably with papyrus, might have spread during the more humid phases of the glacial, while mangroves responded sensitively to changes in sea level. The spread of open ericaceous bushland and Afromontane forest during glacials is found for most of Southern Africa with the exception of the extreme south and southwest regions. In contrast to the western part of the continent, forest and woodland in East Africa did not completely disappear during the glacial. It seems that on a regional scale climatic perturbations of the vegetation are less severe than in West Africa.