Prophylaxis Against Early-onset Group B Streptococcus Infections in Pregnant Women Who Are Allergic to Penicillin

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Adoption of screening for maternal genital tract colonization and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced early-onset neonatal GBS infections. For women with an allergy to penicillin, recommended agents for prophylaxis have been well-outlined, but compliance with guideline recommendations is poor. There have been ongoing efforts in vaccine development, but no vaccination currently is available for either preconception or antenatal administration. This article will review established screening techniques, intrapartum antibiotic prophylactic regimens, and management specifically of the penicillin-allergic pregnant woman who is colonized with GBS.