"DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS FOR GAS STORAGE AND SEPARATION"

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of highly porous materials composed of metal nodes linked by organic ligands, which offer exceptional structural tunability, high surface areas, and customizable pore sizes. These unique properties make MOFs promising candidates for various applications, particularly in gas storage and separation. This paper explores the design principles and synthesis techniques of MOFs tailored for the efficient storage and selective separation of gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. The synthesis methods, including solvothermal and hydrothermal approaches, are discussed in detail, highlighting how varying metal centers and organic linkers can influence the gas adsorption performance. Key applications such as hydrogen storage for fuel cells, methane storage for natural gas vehicles, and carbon dioxide capture for environmental mitigation are examined, emphasizing the advantages and challenges associated with each. Furthermore, the paper reviews the recent advances in MOF-based materials for gas separation, with a focus on their potential to address current challenges in industrial gas purification and carbon capture. The paper concludes by identifying the future directions for MOF research, including improvements in material stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, to enable their widespread application in real-world gas storage and separation technologies. Keywords: Metal-organic frameworks, gas storage, gas separation, hydrogen storage, methane storage, carbon dioxide capture, synthesis, porous materials.