Emerging ELISA derived technologies for in vitro diagnostics

ELISA technology has received great attention in in vitro diagnostics (IVD) due to its high specificity, sensitivity and high throughput. However, the traditional ELISA technology is tedious, lacks of multiplexing detection capabilities, and is not easy to implement in point-of-care (POC) settings. The emergence and development of magnetic bead technology, paper-based platform and nanomaterials have attracted researchers in various fields to improve and design new ELISA derived technologies. Recently, ELISA has been creatively used to integrate with these analytical techniques to realize high sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, low cost and multiplexing detection. However, the applications of various ELISA derived technologies in IVD are rarely reviewed, where is the thrust of this review. In this review, we first introduced the history and principle related to ELISA technology, then we classify and introduce various ELISA derived technologies with an emphasis, and finally we discuss the current challenges and prospects of ELISA technology.