Research progress in metal-free carbon-based catalysts

Metal-free carbon-based catalysts are one of the most active research directions in nanomaterials and catalysis. The advantages that nanocarbon catalysts have over metal catalysts include high efficiency, environmental compatibility, low energy consumption, and corrosion resistance. Nanocarbon can efficiently catalyze alkane conversion, chemical synthesis, energy catalysis and other heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review highlights recent progress in the development of metal-free carbon-based catalysts, including understanding their surface properties, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism and macroscopic architecture. The state-of-the-art and future challenges of metal-free heterogeneous catalysis are also discussed. 纳米碳材料直接作为催化剂的非金属碳催化是目前材料科学与催化领域的前沿方向之一. 相对于传统金属催化剂, 纳米碳材料催化剂具有高效环保、低能耗、耐腐蚀等优点. 在烃类转化、化学品合成、能源催化等领域表现出优异的催化性能和发展潜力. 综述了近年来纳米碳非金属催化研究的最新进展, 主要包括新型纳米碳材料的表面性质、催化特性、反应机理和宏观制备等关键问题, 并对纳米碳催化存在的挑战和前景进行了展望.