Radiobiological investigations of a [ 212 Pb]Pb-carbonic anhydrase IX-targeting small-molecule ligand in renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer models

These findings highlight the potential of CAIX-targeted alpha therapy. CAIX expression and receptor density impact binding affinity and therapeutic response. The study demonstrates the importance of 3D tumor models in evaluating alpha-particle cross-fire effects. Further ligand optimization is warranted to enhance tumor specificity and minimize off-target uptake.