Interface-engineered ZnS QDs@HKUST-1 composite for electrochemical overall water splitting

, enabling overall water splitting at only 1.78 V. The physicochemical properties of ZQH-1 were systematically studied using various analytical techniques to investigate its structural features, morphology, chemical composition, and specific surface area. This work demonstrates how interfacial charge dynamics and active-site accessibility govern the catalytic performance of QDs@MOF composites and establishes a general strategy for designing efficient, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.