Statistics on Allergic Patch Test Reactions Caused by Acrylate Compounds, Including Data on Ethyl Methacrylate

Background:Acrylate compounds are well-known sensitizers, but there is relatively little data on the sensitizing capacity of various acrylate compounds in humans. Objective:The purpose of the study was to provide data on patch test results obtained with a series of 30 acrylate compounds. Special emphasis was directed to ethyl methacrylate because it is being reviewed in the United States for its safety as a cosmetic ingredient. Methods:One hundred twenty-four patients with a history of exposure to acrylate compounds were patch tested with conventional patch test techniques. Results:Twenty-three patients showed at least one positive patch test reaction. The three acrylate compounds most often positive were 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (15 positive), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (14 positive), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (13 positive). Six patients had an allergic patch test reaction caused by ethyl methacrylate (EMA). Conclusion:The acrylate compounds that caused the most sensitizations probably are significant contact sensitizers in humans or have a strong tendency to cross-react with sensitizers. Based on a recently proposed classification of contact allergens, EMA can probably be considered a significant human contact allergen. If the exposure to EMA increases, more patients will be sensitized to EMA. Because of cross-reactivity, these persons will also have allergic reactions from other acrylate compounds.