分解水
光电流
光催化
材料科学
二氧化钛
纳米技术
纳米管
带隙
化学工程
表面改性
制氢
氢
光电子学
催化作用
碳纳米管
化学
有机化学
工程类
冶金
生物化学
作者
Khuzaimah Arifin,Rozan Mohamad Yunus,Lorna Jeffery Minggu,Mohammad B. Kassim
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.063
摘要
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an ideal method to produce clean hydrogen. Developing photoelectrodes that fulfill the PEC water-splitting criteria has become the greatest challenge for commercialization of this technology. Titanium dioxide, the first material used for this application, remain appealing due to its one-dimensional nanotube structure. However, the bandgap of TiO2 nanotubes, ~3.0 eV, is relatively wide, leading to problems such as limited utilization of light energy and easy recombination of the photogenerated products, i.e., electrons and holes. Several approaches have been developed to overcome this problem, including (i) modification of surface morphology to enhance the active catalytic area, (ii) band structure modification to reduce photogenerated charge recombination, and (iii) surface sensitization to improve light absorption ability. This review reports the improvements achieved by all of these approaches for TiO2 nanotubes, including the basic principles of the photocatalytic water-splitting process and the preparation and polymorphs of TiO2 nanotubes. This review also discusses combinations of several methods that enable high photocurrent density with fabulous stability.
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