肉毒神经毒素
前额
额肌
医学
神经毒素
返老还童
解剖
注射部位
肉毒毒素
上睑下垂
外科
生物医学工程
生物
内科学
生物化学
毒素
作者
Kyu‐Ho Yi,Ji‐Hyun Lee,Kyle K. Seo,Hee‐Jin Kim
标识
DOI:10.1097/prs.0000000000010469
摘要
The frontalis muscle is situated across the forehead and is a representative target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin injections aimed at treating horizontal wrinkles in this region. However, a lack of anatomical information regarding the shape and thickness of the frontalis may lead to unexpected adverse effects, such as ptosis and samurai eyebrows, due to the lack of detail on anatomical variation. Achieving the maximum effect using the minimal amount of botulinum neurotoxin requires a precise injection into the frontalis muscle. The anatomical factors associated with botulinum neurotoxin injection into the frontalis muscle have been reviewed in the current study. Up-to-date understanding of the localization of the botulinum neurotoxin injection point according to an updated understanding of the anatomy leads to more accurate localization of the injection point into the frontalis muscle. Optimal injection sites have been provided for the frontalis muscle, and the injection method has been recommended. We suggest optimal injection sites according to the external anatomical landmarks of the forehead. Furthermore, these proposals could aid in a more precise procedure that avoids the deleterious effects of botulinum neurotoxin. Key Contribution: The research proposes a guide for effective botulinum neurotoxin injection for frontalis muscle.
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