Differentiating Subtypes of Major Depressive Disorder Using Serum Biomarkers

Conclusion: Distinct serum biomarker profiles among MDD subtypes highlight their unique biological underpinnings. These findings enhance current understanding of the pathophysiology of different depressive subtypes and suggest targeted therapeutic approaches. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to monitor these biomarkers over time and explore new biomarkers from genomics and proteomics to advance precision medicine in psychiatry.